What Is a Fly Rug?
A fly rug is a summer turnout rug that sits directly on the horse’s body to shield against flies, midges and sunburn. Unlike heavyweight stable or turnout rugs, fly rugs are made from lightweight, breathable materials that allow air to circulate and help prevent overheating. Many also offer UV protection – Premier Equine fly sheets, for example, provide 70% UV protection, helping to reduce the risk of sunburn on sensitive areas. Fly rugs are designed for summer turnout and are intended to be worn in the field, not in the stable.Main Types of Fly Rugs
Fly rugs come in several styles, each offering different levels of coverage and features. Understanding the differences can help you match the rug to your horse’s environment and any specific health concerns.Standard Fly Sheets
Standard fly sheets are basic rugs that cover the horse’s body from the withers to the tail, usually with a tail flap and leg straps. They offer head and neck protection only if a separate fly mask or neck cover is added. These rugs are ideal for horses that are not particularly sensitive to flies and do not need full-body coverage. They are typically the lightest and most affordable option.Combo Fly Rugs
Combo fly rugs include a detachable neck cover and often a belly flap for more complete protection. The neck cover shields the neck and often part of the face, while the belly flap helps prevent insects from reaching the soft skin underneath. Combo options are popular for horses that get bothered by flies around the head and neck, and for those with sweet itch or other skin sensitivities. Gallop Equestrian and Harry Hall both sell combo fly rugs with detachable neck pieces and belly flaps. Prices start from around £22.50 for a PONIE Combo Fly Rug on sale or £25.00 for a GALLOP Classic Combo Fly Rug.Waterproof Fly Rugs
Standard fly rugs are not waterproof and can become heavy when wet. Waterproof fly rugs, sometimes called stay-dry fly rugs, are designed to handle light rain and summer showers while remaining breathable. They are a good choice for unpredictable British summer weather, where a sudden downpour can arrive after a warm, sunny morning. Premier Equine and Harry Hall both offer waterproof fly rug ranges.Sweet Itch Rugs
Sweet itch is an allergic reaction to the saliva of biting midges. Horses with this condition need full-coverage protection, especially over the mane, tail and belly. Sweet itch rugs are specialised fly rugs that typically have a belly wrap or full belly coverage, a long neck cover and sometimes a tail cover. Harry Hall describes sweet itch rugs as offering “full-coverage protection for sensitive skin”. The Masta Combo Sweet Itch Fly Rug costs £50.95. These rugs are not a substitute for veterinary treatment but can significantly reduce the irritation caused by midge bites.Mesh and Hybrid Fly Rugs
The material of a fly rug affects how much airflow it provides and how durable it is. Full mesh fly rugs are constructed entirely from mesh fabric, making them extremely lightweight and breathable. Hybrid fly rugs combine mesh with stronger fabrics such as ripstop nylon or polyester, offering greater durability while maintaining ventilation. Gallop Equestrian categorises both “Full Mesh Fly Rugs” and “Combo Hybrid Fly Rugs”, so you can choose based on whether breathability or durability is your priority.
What to Look for When Buying a Fly Rug
To get the most from a fly rug, pay attention to the fit, features and fabric. A poorly fitting rug can rub or allow insects to get underneath, defeating the purpose.UV Protection
Many fly rugs offer built-in UV protection to prevent sunburn, particularly on white or pink-skinned areas. Premier Equine fly sheets offer 70% UV protection. Check the product description for the UV protection factor if your horse is prone to sunburn. If the rug does not state a UV rating, you cannot assume it provides significant UV shielding.Sizing
Fly rugs are sized in feet and inches, typically from 3ft 9 to 7ft 6, with most sizes available between 4ft and 7ft 3. Sizing can vary between brands, so it is best to measure your horse from the centre of the chest to the point of the buttock. A rug that is too short will leave the belly exposed, while one that is too long can rub the tail. Always follow the brand’s size guide if available.Neck Cover and Belly Flap
Decide whether your horse needs a neck cover. If flies or midges concentrate around the head and neck, a combo rug with a detachable neck piece is helpful. Belly flaps are also useful for protecting the underside, which is a common target for biting insects. Many combo rugs include both.Leg Straps and Surcingles
Most fly rugs come with two or three leg straps at the back, and some have a front buckle or clip system. Check that the straps are adjustable and strong enough to keep the rug in place when the horse rolls or lies down. A surcingle or belly strap can provide extra security, though many fly rugs rely on leg straps alone to minimise bulk.Breathability
Because fly rugs are worn in warm weather, breathability is essential. Mesh panels or all-mesh construction allow air to pass through, helping the horse stay cool even when the sun is strong. Non-waterproof mesh rugs are the most breathable but do not offer rain protection. Waterproof fly rugs are slightly less breathable, but modern fabrics are designed to balance weather resistance with airflow.Comparing Fly Rugs with Other Summer Rugs
Fly rugs are sometimes confused with other lightweight turnout rugs, but they serve a different purpose. The table below highlights the key differences.| Rug Type | Main Purpose | Breathability | Water Resistance | UV Protection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard fly sheet | Insect and sun protection | High | No (unless specified) | Often yes (check product) |
| Waterproof fly rug | Insect protection plus light rain | Moderate | Yes | Often yes (check product) |
| Sweet itch rug | Midge-proof full-body coverage | Moderate to high | Some are waterproof | Often yes |
| Lightweight summer turnout rug | Weather protection (rain, wind, sun) | Moderate | Usually yes | Not typically |
When to Use a Fly Rug
Fly rugs are most useful during the spring and summer months when insect numbers are high and the sun is strong. They are designed for turnout only, not for stable use. If your horse is bothered by flies in the field, a fly rug can make a noticeable difference to their comfort. For horses with sweet itch, a specialised sweet itch rug should be worn from early spring before the midge season begins. Check the rug regularly for tears or loose straps, and remove it on very hot days if your horse is sweating excessively underneath, as the rug can trap heat despite its breathable construction.
Care and Maintenance
To keep a fly rug in good condition, brush off mud and dried sweat after each use. Most fly rugs can be machine washed on a gentle cycle, but always check the manufacturer’s instructions. Avoid using fabric softener as it can reduce breathability and waterproofing. Store the rug in a dry, clean place over winter to prevent mildew. Repair small tears promptly with rug tape to stop them from getting larger.Frequently Asked Questions
Can a fly rug be left on overnight?
It is not generally recommended to leave a fly rug on overnight unless your horse is particularly sensitive to night-time biting insects. Most fly rugs are designed for daytime turnout. If you do leave one on, check it daily for rubbing, and remove it in wet weather if it is not waterproof. Always ensure the rug is safe for unsupervised wear.
Are fly rugs worth the investment?
For many horses, a fly rug provides significant relief from flies and sunburn, making turnout more enjoyable. They are a low-cost way to improve welfare during summer. If your horse shows signs of irritation, sweet itch, or sunburn, a good-quality fly rug is a sensible purchase. Prices start from around £22.50 for basic models, making them accessible for most budgets.
How do I know what size fly rug to buy?
Measure your horse from the centre of the chest, in a straight line along the side of the body, to the point of the buttock. Compare this measurement to the brand’s size chart. Sizes typically run in 3-inch increments from 3ft 9 to 7ft 6. If your horse is between sizes, go up for a more comfortable fit, but avoid a rug that is overly long as it can rub the tail.
Do fly rugs cause overheating?
Quality fly rugs are designed to be lightweight and breathable to minimise overheating. Mesh fly rugs allow maximum airflow. However, on extremely hot, humid days, any rug can trap some heat. If your horse is panting or sweating heavily under the rug, remove it and provide shade or a cooler. Waterproof fly rugs may be slightly warmer than mesh alternatives.
Can a fly rug be used on a horse with sweet itch?
A standard fly rug may not provide enough coverage for a horse with sweet itch. You need a dedicated sweet itch rug that covers the belly, mane and tail, and has a long neck piece. These rugs are specifically designed to block midges from reaching the skin. Brands such as Masta and Premier Equine offer sweet itch rugs with full-coverage features.
Choosing the right fly rug for your horse comes down to understanding the type of protection needed, the fit of the rug, and the conditions of your field. Whether you opt for a simple mesh sheet or a full-coverage waterproof combo, a well-chosen fly rug can make summer turnout far more comfortable for your horse. Always check the product specifications for UV protection, waterproofing and sizing before you buy, and consider a combo or sweet itch rug if your horse is particularly sensitive to insects.